Hello boys and girls the bestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about RNA.RNA stands for  Ribonucleic Nucleic Acid. It is different from DNA because it looks like a swirling ladder that was cut in half instead of a full ladder.

The imporatant thing about RNA is that it takes messages from DNA to tell to your body's cells.

RNA is also different than DNA because it has one different base. Instead of Adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine RNA has Adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine.The Adenin Guanine still pairs up with cytosine but now the Adenine pairs up with the Uracil.

First the mRNA takes the message from the DNA and conveys it to the tRNA. The mRNA basically acts as a messenger for the DNA. Then the tRNA translates the code and prepares it for the rRNA. The tRNA's only job is to translate the message from the mRNA and  give it to the rRNA. Lastly the rRNA uses the message to give to the ribosomes.

The ribosomes are an organelle inside side the cell in charge of making the proteins of the cell.

All living things have RNA and without their cells coudn't read instructions from their DNA. RNA is ancient and has been here since the beggining of the world


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DNA

                      

Hello everbody its thebestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about DNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is important because it determines your eye color, the sizes of your ears, or whether or not you will develope a certain disease.

DNA looks like a twisting and turning ladder. The rungs of the ladder are made up of hydrogen bases. The bases are Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine,and Adenine. The bases can only pair up with specific other bases. The Adenine can only pair with the Thymine and the Guanine can only pair with the Cytosine. The sides of the ladder are made of phosphates and sugar.

James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin were all great contributor in DNA. They figured out that DNA looks like a double helix on a x-ray.

When DNA is being copied it splits directly down the middle. New halves on the inner side form. After that they connect with the old pieces of DNA and form two new pieces of DNA.

DNA is also used at crime scenes to figure out who committed crimes. They do  this because no two people have the same DNA except for identical twins.














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                           Mitosis                                        



Hey guys the bestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about Mitosis and cell division. Mitosis is important because it helps your body grow and it replaces old cells with new ones.

Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei. Mitosis is in relation to cell division because it is one of the two ways cell divide. The other is miosis.

Before the stages of mitosis begins the genetic material in the nucleus of the cell copies its self. This makes it so that each daughter cell gets the same genetic material as its parent cell.

The first step of mitosis is called interphase. The cell is preparing for mitosis by replicating each chromose in the nucleus. The two copies are called chromotids.

The second phase is called prophase. The genetic material in the cell shortens and thickens. Then little things called centriols spread to oppisite ends of the cell and thread like spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell.

Third comes the Metaphase. During metaphase the two copies of each chromosome line up in the center of the cell. The chromosomes r then attached to the spindle fibers.

The fourth phase is anaphase. During anaphase the complete sets of chromoses are pulled to oppiste ends of the cell and a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of sister chromosomes.

We finally made it to the last stage of mitosis, the telophase. In telophase the chromosomes begin to unfurl and the cytoplasm grabs the center of the cell. The membrane closes in on each divinding the original cell in half. The very final stage of cell division is when the cytoplasm divides. This is called cytokinesis.

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Scientists Discover Flying Snakes


Hey guys thebestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about a spectacular discovery made by scientists.

Reptiles that are able to "fly" are usually called flying snakes and are located in SouthEast Asia. The five flying snake species belong to the Chrysopelea genus.

The snake has a body that looks like it can't fly but it transforms its body to do so.When the flying snake jumps, it flattens itself from head to toe by making its  rib cage smaller . This causes the body to double in width and forms a cross-sectional shape body that is circular in form.

Scientists put this transformation to the test by a similiar copy of it. They found out that the snake simulates the flying forces of a planes wings. Researchers believe that between air forces and the transformation the snake would be able to fly.

My reaction to this is awe. I think that it is really cool that reptiles can fly.

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                              Viruses!!!



Hey guys thebestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about viruses. Viruses are the things that cause life threating diseases.

A virus is made up of a strand of DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coating called a capsid. Sometimes the capsid is surrounded by a fatty membrane used to protect it. The main purpose of a virus is to make you sick and infect you. They infect you by multiplying in you body.

For a virus to multiply it must first enter the body through wind, inhaling or touching your face. Once there it must get past you bodies defences including mucus in your nose. Once they get into your body they enter the blood stream and travel to find a host cell for it to multiply in( shown to the right). 

Once it finds a host cell it attaches itself to the cell and injects it with its own genetic information.  When it gets inside the cell the virus's DNA or RNA uses the cells machinery to make copies of its self. When there are too many viruses in the cell the cell explodes and lets all the new viruses out.


Virus's can be either active or latent. When they are active it causes the host cell to make new viruses. This process destroys the host cell.

Latent viruses are viruses that enter a cell and  makes its hereditary material become part of the cells hereditary material. It does not immediatly make new viruses. As the host cell reproduces the viral DNA is copied. After some time something like certain time and conditions can activate the virus. A cold sore on your lip is an example of a latent virus.

Three types of viral diseases are Smallpox, Warts, and the Flu.

Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Many scientists say that over the centuries it has caused more deaths than all other infectious diseases combined. Symptoms include high fever, backache, and fatigue.

Warts are growths on you skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus or HIV. Common Warts  usually appear on your fingers.

The Flu is a respiratory infection caused by a number of viruses. The viruses pass through the air blowing around in the air and can get into your body by your nose or mouth. Symptoms of the Flu include fever, cough, and sore throat.

We wouldn't have the means to cure diseases like smallpox if it weren't for Edward Jenner. Edward was born in Berkeley, Gloucestershire on May 17, 174. He tested his famous experiment on an eight year old boy to prove that once you contract a disease you cant get the same disease again. His ideas were laughed at and considered ridiculous  until he came back with undisputable proof that it was true. Edward came up with the first vaccine used to cure diseases.

A vaccine is something used to combat viruses. Vaccines use weakened forms of the virus to help your body become immune to it.


                                         Fun Facts

• The name virus comes from the Latin word meaning slimy liquid or poison.

• Walter Reed discovered the first human virus, yellow fever virus, in 1901.

• Viruses are not alive

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• For more fun facts on viruses
• For more on Edward Jenner
• For more about viral diseases
• Pic of Edward Jenner
• Pic of smallpox virus
• Pic of Warts virus
• Pic of Flu virus
• Virus entering cell gif

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

           The Good ,The Bad ,and The Ugly

Hey guys welcome back thebestscienceblog here and today I will be talking about antibiotics and how they effect our everyday life.

Bacteria are helpful and nonhelpful to us for an array of reasons. Bacteria help us because they help  digest food in our intestines.They have helped our food industry make foods like cheese, pickles, and vinegar. Bacteria are also not helpful because they are the reason we have many diseases today.

Antibiotics have proved to be the same way as bacteria. They are good and bad depending on how you use them. Antibiotics  are  drugs used to kill bacteria or stop them from reproducing. 

Doctors prescribe these to  you when you are sick and have a disease inside of you. Antibiotics are becoming less useful to fight  bacteria because they are being overused. When they are overused the antibiotics only kill the weak bacteria and let the strongest survive instead of killing all of them.

Now I will be talking about how some bacteria are harmful and get into the human body.Bacteria multiply at a fascinating rate of one new bacteria every twenty minutes. Since  bacteria reproduce so often things called genetic mutations happen a lot. 

Genetic mutations are changes in its genetic code that alter its development and growth. When this happens the bacteria can become either weaker or stronger. When they become stronger they have a higher chance of being antibiotic resistant. At this point the bacteria can make copies of themselves and make a whole community sick. 

Three bacterial diseases I will be talking about  are MRSA, Tuberculosis, and Diphtheria.

 MRSA is a super bug that has been springing up around the world. MRSA causes infections on the skin including sores and boils. It is caused by staph in our body getting infected.

Tuberculosis is a disease in which it breaks down your respiratorial tissue and forms cavities in the lungs.It often causes the person to cough up bright red blood.

Diphtheria is caused when droplets of respiratorial secretion are passed through the air. This usually happens when you cough on somebody. Symptoms are moderate fever, fatigue, or chills.


Nitrogen fixing bacteria help plants and animals by changing atmospheric nitrogen  into  fixed oxygen. This helps because  it makes it easier for the plants to give humans and animals  oxygen.

Pasteurization is the process of heating  a food, usually a liquid, to a specific temperature and time then immediately cooling it. it is important because it helps kill bad microorganisms in the food. 

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                        The wonderful world of Bacteria

Hello guys thebestscienceblog12 here and today I will be talking about the wonderful world of bacteria.

Originally there were only five kingdoms. Until recently all bacteria were grouped into one kingdom. This was because they had similar cell structure. The Monera kingdom  is made up of two groups called phyla. Both of them are made up of one-celled organisms called bacteria.

Bacteria were the first living things on Earth. Bacteria have always been Prokayotic cells, their nuclear material is not surrounded by a membrane. Some bacteria are able to get their  own energy through photosynthesis while others have to go out and catch it.

Bacteria  reproduce asexually through fission (shown in gif).In fission one parent cell makes a exact replica of its cell creating a baby.Bacteria also reproduce sexually through a thin tube where the two bacteria exchange genetic material. Bacteria can reproduce very fast at one every 20 minutes.






Bacteria tend to have three different shapes, sphere shaped bacteria (cocci), rod shaped bacteria (bacilli), and spiral shaped (spirilla).

The two different types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. 

Archaebacteria were the first living things on earth. Archaebacteria can live in extreme environments including hot springs and acidic environments. They have also been found in the intestines of animals.

Eubacteria are also one celled prokaryotes. These bacteria, scientists believe, added oxygen to the Earth's atmosphere billions of years ago.


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